Table 1: Overview of the type of buildings in the studied construction sitesįor evaluation to be meaningful, the buildings must have been fully occupied or utilised for at least one year, only then will it be possible to calculate a reliable annual consumption. Here, the treated floor area constitutes the useable areas defined according to the PHPP (in case of dwelling units: living areas) when classifying the results, account must be taken of the fact that for the characteristic values according to the German minimum energy standard EnEV, the areas AN for these buildings will be 28 % larger thus, the specific consumption values accordingly even lower: The consumption data compiled in Table 1 were available from the development blocks. Monthly meter readings took place and were provided to the Passive House Institute for an initial overview of the overall functioning of the settlement. Readings of these electronic heat meters will subsequently take place regularly via a data network connection. These main heat meters at the transfer stations were previously read by the public utilities company “Stadtwerke Heidelberg” during on-site visits roughly every six months. The supplier has no access to any other sub-meters that may exist in individual buildings. This means that only one central district heat connection exists for billing purposes for up to five large apartment blocks. The Passive House development area Bahnstadt in Heidelberg consists of several large development blocks, each supplied by a central district heat connection. For comparison, a recent study called „Energiekennwerte 2014“) by techem on the space heating consumption in the year 2013 shows: Buildings supplied by a district heating system had on average 112 kWh/(m²a) energy consumption for space heating. Thus, a space heating demand of less than 15 kWh/(m²a) was one of the goals pursued already during the planning phase. The Passive House Standard is mandatory in the whole district. For this reason, evaluation of the data will take place in the context of minimal monitoring where, with the aid of research findings from other projects, heating consumption will be calculated to a good approximation from these monthly values. In this construction area, (due to lack of funding) it was not possible to carry out detailed measurements however, monthly meter readings are available for the total heating consumption (heating, hot water and losses etc.) for entire development blocks and some larger buildings with over a hundred apartments each. This chapter deals with the subject of how monitoring can be successfully carried out in the Bahnstadt district in Heidelberg, Germany, see Figure 9, which is currently the largest Passive House settlement within Europe.
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